This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the determinants influencing the professional choices of researchers in Russian universities. The study examines the motivational factors that shape the professional decisions of academic staff within the context of their scientific career development and employment in higher educational institutions. The research is based on empirical data collected through a survey conducted in October-November 2024 among research personnel in Russian universities (n=226). The methodology employed quantitative analysis of respondents' answers to structured questions regarding their choice of an academic profession and specific university as an employer. Statistical processing of the data revealed intergenerational differences in the motivational structure of researchers. The findings indicate that the key determinants for choosing an academic profession are the opportunity to engage in scientific activities, professional self-realization, and the prestige of the profession. When selecting a particular university as an employer, the following factors are prioritized: the institution's scientific reputation, quality of infrastructure, and career growth prospects. The results demonstrate significant differences in the prioritization of motivational factors based on the respondents' age. Younger age groups place greater emphasis on professional growth opportunities and international collaborations, while older colleagues focus on the institution's scientific reputation and research project implementation possibilities. The data obtained allows for the formulation of recommendations to improve the system of attracting and retaining academic staff in higher educational institutions. This research contributes to the understanding of professional choice mechanisms in the academic environment and the study of academic careers. It also serves as a foundation for developing targeted programs to attract and retain scientific personnel from various age groups and for effectively managing university HR policies.
university, researchers, academic career, motivation of researchers, professional self-determination, personnel potential of universities, generational features of professional choice.