This article explores the relation between the concepts of “scientist” and “expert”, which is particularly relevant in the “postCOVID” period of modernity. The authors propose to classify the concepts based on the characteristic properties of discursive frameworks. A scientist is defined as a subject who has the goal of investigating the reality and gaining new knowledge. An expert is defined as the most competent subject in any sphere, claiming to possess practical experience in applying knowledge in specific situations requiring a highly qualified approach. The first part of the article considers the linguistic and communicative foundations of scientific and expert areas of activity, highlighting the dichotomy of descriptive and prescriptive, as well as the concept of “expert translation” – the act of popularizing information from the specialized language into ordinary language. The second part of the article deals with the epistemic foundations of science and expertise; special attention was paid to the classification of knowledge on the foundations of “what”, “why” and “how”, as well as the practice of prognostication.
Expertise; expert knowledge; expert translation; the difference between science and expertise; the difference between a scientist and an expert.