The main trends in the development of human civiliza-tion are expressed in the creation of complex systems that combine ob-jects of different natures. These systems are increasingly called socio-biotechnological systems. These systems are proportional to man, that is, they are human-based, they are created for man, and include man. Such systems include medical and biological systems, environmental systems, large-scale systems of the digital economy, healthcare, infor-mation systems, organizational and technical complexes. Goal-setting human activity combines biological, social and technological compo-nents in these systems, which function as a single whole. In the infor-mation society, the self-development of such systems is carried out through the information and communication technological environ-ment, which is network-based. At the same time, the role of this techno-logical information and communication infrastructure will only increase with the development of such technologies of the information society as big data, neurotechnology and artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, wireless communication technologies, virtual and augmented reality technologies, digital twins. One of the significant contradictions inher-ent in the development of these systems is the contradiction between the natural and the artificial, which differ in the method of emergence (origin), existence (functioning) and disappearance (utilization). The purpose of the article is to identify the formation of the “subject-environment” relationship in complex socio-biotechnical systems in terms of the relationship between the natural and the artificial.
complexity; sociobiotechnical systems; natural; artifi-cial; subject; methodology of science.