The article presents a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the key predictive narratives of the 20th century responsible for constructing the image of the “posthuman” being, whose nature is radically transformed under the influence of science and technology. The purpose of the work is to identify and systematize the main philosophical premises and sociocultural consequences of these narratives, which form the field of conflicting scenarios of the future – from utopias of improvement to dystopias of loss of humanity. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary synthesis combining discourse analysis of transhumanistic and posthumanistic literature and philosophical anthropology. As a result, three interrelated problem vectors are identified and considered in detail. The first one is devoted to the metaphysical-ontological reduction of man in transhumanism, where human subjectivity is interpreted as a set of biomechanical functions, which becomes the main subject of criticism. The second vector analyzes the phenomenon of cyborgization as a deep transformation of physicality and identity, leading to the formation of a hybrid, “completed” subjectivity. The third vector reveals the socio-political and ethical risks of technization, including the deepening of inequality, the emergence of “algocracy”, and the problem of responsibility in the spirit of G. Jonas. It is concluded that predictive narratives are not just futurological forecasts, but also active tools of the anthropological imagination that structure the understanding of a possible future and require overcoming reductionism through “complex thinking” and holistic interdisciplinary strategies for their assessment.
predictive narratives; posthuman; transhumanism; cyborgization; philosophy of technology; anthropological imagination; cultural technology; image of the future.