The article is devoted to the birth of the phenomenon of modern civilization in its institutional and value dimensions. Acomparative analysis of the traditional and modern civilizational val-ue systems is carried out. The contribution of Russian philosophy of the 19 th century to the formation of the confrontation between traditional and modern civilizational mentality is described. Two historical projects of a modern civilizational society (Plato and F. Bacon) are considered. A single process of the birth of modern civilization and modern science is fixed.
modern civilization; modern science; social values; tribal sovereignty; traditional and modern civilizational mentality; Russian philosophy of the 19th century; patriotic consciousness; ethnocultural and civilizational approaches; Plato; F. Bacon.